Porous materials can be found everywhere from the concrete in our buildings to the bones in our bodies. In buildings, lightweight, high-strength porous materials help conserve energy, insulate acoustics and bear higher loads. In armored vehicles and airplanes, they reduce fuel consumption. Porous rocks are used to mitigate climate change by serving as a medium for carbon dioxide storage and geothermal heat extraction. Despite the proliferation and broad applications of porous materials, very little is understood about how cracks form inside their microstructure and how they eventually fail.
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