Reagent/ Sorbent Characterization & Evaluation
The Energy Institute has conducted several successful programs in characterizing and evaluating limestones as reagents in WFGD systems and as sorbents in FBC systems for reducing SO2 emissions. The Energy Institute has particular expertise in determining the qualities of limestones that make them attractive as a reagents/sorbents in a given system and the ability to evaluate limestones in a variety of on-site bench- to pilot-scale units. The Energy Institute has conducted full-scale testing at a commercial FBC facility (30 MW(e)).
Relevant Publications
Limestone Characterization
Research conducted at the Energy Institute has shown that characterizing the chemical composition of limestones alone is not sufficient to measure their relative performance in either FBC or WFGD systems. Other factors such as the physical and geologic nature of the limestone are equally important in assesing limestone performance. Routine analysis includes the following:
Solids samples can be received in buckets, 55 gallon drums, and nominal 1 ton supersacks. Liquid fuels are typically received in buckets or 55 gallon drums; however, totes can also be handled.
Physical Characterization |
Chemical Characterization |
Geological Description |
- Grindability
- Bond Work Index
- Hardgrove Grindability Index
- Petrography
- Grain size
- Arrangement of grains
- Crystallinity
- Mineralogy
|
- Major and minor elements
- Trace elements
- Carbonate content
|
- Geologic Age
- Stratigraphy
- Lithology
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Aspects Particular to Limestone Evaluation for SO2 Reduction in:
A summary of project results for limestone evaluation for SO2 reduction in FBC and WFGD systems is given in the section on Emissions Characterization and Reduction, SO2 Control.
